Nagasaki Shimashi Yamasha Chukinenkan Nagasaki City Kameyama Shachu Memorial Hall

■History of Kameyama Shachu
　Ryoma Sakamoto (1835-1867) was born in Kochi Castle, Tosa Province (present-day Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture), and after training in swordsmanship and gunnery in Edo, he returned to Japan and joined the Tosa Kinnoto Party. Afterwards, he left Tosa and became a disciple of Kaishu Katsu, a retainer of the shogunate, and studied at Katsujuku and the Kobe Naval Training Center. Since the training camp was closed after 1864, Ryoma and his comrades, who defected from the domain, were protected by the Satsuma domain and came to Nagasaki via Kagoshima. Then, around the summer of 1865, with support from the Satsuma domain and the Nagasaki merchant Ozone family, he formed Kameyama Shachu, said to be Japan's first trading company.
Kameyama Shachu's greatest accomplishment was the successful purchase and transport of a large number of rifles and steamships Union (Sakurajima Maru and Otoushi Maru) for the Choshu Domain in the name of the Satsuma Domain in 2. is. This led to the conclusion of the Satsuma-cho pact in January 1866, and became a stepping stone to opening a new era.

■Relationship with Kameyama-yaki kiln
　Kameyama ware began to be fired in Kakineyama, Irabayashi-go, in 4 by Ogami Gonbei of Yawata-cho, Nagasaki. At first, they fired water jars for Dutch ships, but later they began producing high-quality white porcelain dyed with Chinese gosu. It is also known for its illustrated works by literary figures such as Takeda Tanomura and Itsun Kinoshita. The kiln was closed around 1807, and it is said that Ryoma and his friends borrowed the Kameyama-yaki-related house and established Kameyama Shachu.

■About the building
　Thanks to the kindness of the owner of the building, which remains as the remains of the Kameyama Shrine, which is connected to Ryoma Sakamoto, Nagasaki City has renovated this building to be closer to its original appearance, and it has been open to the public since August 21, 8. That's what I'm doing. The land where the Kameyama Shachu Memorial Hall is located is recorded in the register as being owned by a family that tried to revive Kameyama ware at the end of the Edo period until 1. In addition, there are only a few buildings in the Kameyama area depicted on maps of Nagasaki at the end of the Edo period, including one that looks like this building, and it is highly likely that this was a building where the Kameyama Shrine School was attached.
The main building is divided into 10-tatami, 8-tatami, and 3-tatami rooms and a dirt floor, and the dark-brown fittings, such as the pillars of the 10-tatami room where Ryoma is said to have sat leaning, faithfully reproduce the atmosphere of houses at the end of the Edo period. Masu. From the porch beyond, you could see the city and port of Nagasaki. On the other hand, there is an entrance on the north side of the dirt floor, and it seems that people used to enter and exit from there. This dirt floor can be seen through the glass floor. There was also a mezzanine floor above the 3 tatami room with a dirt floor. It is large enough for a large number of people to hide in case of an emergency. Although now lost, it is said that there was also a storehouse and a stable on the north side of the main building.

■Kaientai
　Kaientai was an outgrowth of Kameyamashachu, led by Ryoma. In 3, Goto Shojiro, an executive of the Tosa domain,Fukuoka KotetsuWith the cooperation of Saigo Takamori and others of the Satsuma domain, Ryoma's crime of desertion was cleared and the Kaientai (captain: Ryoma Sakamoto, also known as Saitani Umetaro) was established. It is said that the name Kaientai comes from the meaning of supporting the Tosa clan from the sea.
The basic philosophy of Kaientai is clearly expressed in the Kaientai Rules, which are the group's rules. The qualifications for joining the army are as follows: ``Those who have previously escaped from their own domain, those who have escaped from other domains, and those with ambitions from overseas will join this corps.'' Anyone with a desire to explore overseas can join the army. It was possible.
The purpose of the troupe is ``mainly transportation, shooting, exploitation, speculation, and support of the main domain'', and as such, the purpose of the corps is transportation, shooting, exploitation, investment, and support of the Tosa domain. In particular, the concept of yari (pursuit of profit) was groundbreaking at the time, as Kaientai operated in the same way as companies do today, seeking profit.
In addition to the authority of the captain and the mutual assistance of the members, it also talks about training subjects (political law, fire law, navigation, steam engines, languages, etc.) and the self-sustaining management of the squad, and while conducting political and commercial activities, it also talks about various subjects. It was also a group for studying.
The Kaientai was disbanded in April 4. Although the period of its activities was short, about one year, it produced many talented people who played an active role after the Meiji Restoration, such as Mutsu Munemitsu (Younosuke, Minister of Foreign Affairs), Nakajima Nobuyuki (Sakutaro, Speaker of the House of Representatives), and Ishida Eikichi (Nagasaki prefectural governor). I am. Additionally, Yataro Iwasaki, who was the head of the Nagasaki Tosa Shokai and negotiated with Kaientai, is known for starting Mitsubishi after the Meiji Restoration and contributing to the development of the Japanese economy.

■Facilities related to Ryoma Sakamoto
　Centered on Kameyama Shachu, which Ryoma established to realize his dream, you can trace the streets that Ryoma strode through while visiting related facilities from Mt. Kazuto to temple towns.
・Mount Kazeto with a panoramic view of Nagasaki Port
・The grave of Ueno Hikoma, who is said to have photographed Ryoma and other Kameyama Shachu members.
・Bronze statue of Ryoma Sakamoto and Ryotaro Shiba literary monument
・Kameyama-yaki kiln ruins
・Wakamiya Inari Shrine and Sakamoto Ryoma Shrine
・Kameyama Shachu Materials Exhibition Hall
・Ryoma's boots statue
・Kameyama Shachu Memorial Hall
・Ryoma Street

■Sister friendship hall
　On February 23, 2, the Kameyama Shachu Memorial Hall entered into a sister friendship hall agreement with the "Kochi City Ryoma's Birth Town Memorial Hall" in Kochi City, the birthplace of Ryoma Sakamoto. We will promote mutual exchange between our sister friendship halls and spread the appeal of Ryoma Sakamoto throughout the country.　
Kochi City Ryoma's Birthplace Memorial Hall
https://ryoma-hometown.com